Depressants

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ALCOHOL

What is it? What does it do?

Alcohol is a depressant and although it is legal, it is one of the most dangerous drugs. When someone drinks alcohol it makes its way into the bloodstream and flows to all places in the body. Once it makes its way to the brain, the alcohol slows down the messages that the brains sends, giving the short term illusion of relaxation and happiness. Because alcohol slows down the CNS (Central Nervous System), it also slows down vital body functions resulting in slurred speech, slow reaction time and disturbed movement. It also changes how the mind works and reduces one’s ability to make informed decisions and clear judgements. During this time the liver also process the alcohol and attempts to break it down to clear the toxins from the body. A healthy liver can break down around one standard drink every hour but if someone consumes more alcohol than their liver can break down, it can cause long term liver damage.

If someone has an overdose on alcohol the affects can be very dangerous. An increased amount of alcohol can prevent the body from feeling pain which can put the body in a compromising and can also cause vomiting to remove the toxins it can’t handle. Unconsciousness can then follow and in extreme cases, comas or death can be a result of alcohol abuse. These reactions to alcohol all depend on the type of alcohol and when it was consumed, but the symptoms can vary from person to person.

Short and long term effects

Short term effects

Slurred speech
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Drowsiness
Headaches
Impared judgement
Nausea
Distorted vision
Distorted hearing
Lack of coordination
Unconsciousness
Blackouts
Coma

Long term effects

High blood pressure which lead to heart attacks, strokes and ultimately death
Liver disease
Unintentional injuries caused by accients such as car crashes
Alcohol poisoning
Increased chance of family problems
Brain damage
Vitamin B deficiency
Mouth and throat cancer
Nerve damage

Depressants, otherwise known as ‘downers’, are drugs slow down the brain and the nervous system which therefore, slow down the messages sent between them. In the medical world, depressants are useful for people suffering from disorders like insomnia because they can relax muscles and calm nerves, but outside of medicine, depressants can have numerous negative effects.